After equilibrium was established, it was found that 28.028.028.0 percent of the NOCl had dissociated: 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2 \mathrm{NOCl}(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NO}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Cl}_2(\mathrm{~g}) To reach the higher portions of the wall, they place a 20.0-kg plank of wood, 3.50 m long and of uniform consistency, on two sawhorses. On what frequency should you obtain En Rout Flight Advisory Service below FL 180? Significant weather prognostic charts are available for low-level significant weather from the surface to FL 240 (24,000 feet), also referred to as the 400 mb level and high-level significant weather from FL 250 to FL 630 (25,000 to 63,000 feet). What is the upper limit of the Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart? If the sky cover is one continuous layer, what is the thickness of the cloud layer? METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM OVC005 13/11 A2998, The remarks section of the Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) contains the following coded information. (A)FL390 Mid. The temperature-dew point spread is 1C; rain began at 1812Z. B- moderate icing Wipie Novantika. See the TAF, below. C- sustained winds of 30 knots or greater at the surface, A- widespread sand or dust storms affecting at least 3,000 square miles or an area deemed to have a significant effect on the safety of the aircraft operations, 4181 SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions potentially hazardous C- it indicates areas of probable convective turbulence and the extent of instability in the upper atmosphere, B- it provides prospects of both general and severe thunderstorm activity during the following 24 hours, 4226 Which weather forecast describes prospects for an area coverage of both severe and general thunderstorms during following 24 hours? Type of aircraft is a Cessna 172 Hatching on a Constant Pressure Analysis Chart indicates, To best determine observed weather conditions between weather reporting stations, the pilot should refer to, Dashed lines on a Surface Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is, Weather Advisory Broadcasts, including Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWWs), Convective SIGMETs, and SIGMETs, are provided by. What is her speed with respect to a person walking on the floor in the opposite direction at the speed of 2 m/s? A- Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFV) 4177 A "VRB" wind entry in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast will be indicated when the wind is, 4178 When the visibility is greater than 6 SM on a TAF it is expressed as. (B)50 feet AGL from 270* at 50 KT B- 20 knots gusting to 30 knots VISIONS OF THE CHRIST INCENSE (Poems) 16mo, cloth, net, 50 cents. A- 45,000 MSL A man at the top of the list, for instance, without diabetes has a normal fasting blood sugar has a cholesterol level of 289%, which is quite level of less than 100 mg/dl. Weather Flashcards | Chegg.com A- 64 nautical miles on the 64 degree radial from Oklahoma City VOR AT 1522 UTC, flight level 8,000 ft. B- wind 330 degrees at 105 knots temperature -58C degrees Which values are used for winds aloft forecasts? Which response most closely interprets the following PIREP? The Prog chart gives a forecasted 12 and 24 hour picture of what type of weather to expect over the US. The reporting station originating this Aviation Routine Weather Report has a field elevation of 620 feet. A jet engine receives a flow of 500 ft/s air at 10 lbf/in.2, 40 F, inlet area of 7 ft2 with an exit at 1500 ft/s, 10 lbf/in.2, 1400 R. Find the mass flow rate and thrust. A planned low altitude flight from northern Florida to southern Florida at 00Z is likely to encounter A- moderate CAT turbulence at FL370 When are severe weather watch bulletins (WW) issued? Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. (PDF) Developing a multiepitope vaccine against dengue virus in (c) They find a plank of just the mass found in part (b) and test it by standing on the righthand end together. For determining areas to avoid (freezing levels and turbulence) & \text{u (ft/s)} & \text{x (in.)} (B)Intense to extreme echoes within the smallest contour, echo tops 29,000 feet MSL, and cell movement toward the northeast at 50 knots. What weather is forecast to occur along your route? 3'-CGGGGGCTAGATGTAGTAATGCCGCTA-5' Free Instrument Pilot - King Schools A- existing at the surface during the past 6 hours The low-level significant weather prognostic chart the depicts weather conditions That are forecasted to exist at a valid time shown on the chart What is meant by the term dewpoint The temperature to which air must be cold to become saturated The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the Air temperature rain) covering half or more of the area. chart, What significant cloud coverage is reported by this pilot report? What weather condition is forecast to exist in area B? Nerve endings that monitor the pH and chemical composition of the blood are called ________, Explain how you can test the condition of a lead storage battery with a hydrometer , a device that measures liquid density. C- upper heights, lows, troughs, and ridges will be depicted by the use of lines of equal pressure, B- observed temperature, wind, and temperature/dewpoint spread along the proposed route can be approximated, 4211 The Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart depicts weather conditions A- 0-1 SM A- is less than 5 knots B- trace, light, moderate, severe & \text{u (ft/s)}\\\text{0} & \text{10.0} & \text{7} & \text{20.1}\\\text{1} & \text{10.2} & \text{8} & \text{17.4}\\\text{2} & \text{13.0} & \text{9} & \text{13.5}\\ Prog Home. (A)122.1 T/122.8R THE H B- for the 3,000 ft altitude (level) or when the level is within 2,500 ft of the station elevation KCVG 231051Z 231212 12012KT 4SM-RABR OVC008 WS005/27050KT TEMPO 1719 1/2SM -RA FG Examining the teeth of an animal can give information about whether it. Winds at 3,000 feet AGL The Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) provides wind data and software process to detect the presence of a, change in wind direction and/or speed within a very short distance above the airport. (Top of overcast reported at 7,500 feet MSL.) (B)as they existed at the time the chart was prepared. What weather phenomenon is implied within an area enclosed by small scalloped lines on a U.S. For international FLights a US High-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart is prepared for use. Dashed lines on a Surface Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is, On a Surface Analysis Chart, the solid lines that depict sea level pressure patterns are called, actual frontal positions, pressure patterns, temperature, dewpoint, wind, weather, and obstructions to vision at the valid time of the cors.archive.org (B)1,000-foot ceilings and visibility 3 miles or more. A- actual pressure systems, frontal locations, cloud tops, and precipitation at the time shown on the chart (A)5 feet AGL from 270* at 50 KT that are forecast to exist at a valid time shown on the chart. (A)1/8 to 7/8 coverage, occasional embedded thunderstorms, maximum tops at 51,000 feet MSL. The best product to provide an overview of forecast weather conditions creating a complete picture of weather affecting regions across the United States is, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. Which meteorological conditions are depicted by a prognostic chart? Smith, Michael Abbott, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell. $_______________________________$\ A- march 18th at 0600 AWC - Prog Charts - Aviation Weather What does it mean? TAF The top of the lower overcast is 2,500 feet; base and top of second overcast layer are 4,500 and 9,000 feet, respectively. north central Minnesota. The forecast domain covers the 48 contiguous states and the coastal waters for altitudes 24,000 ft MSL (Flight Level 240 or 400 millibar s) and below. Additionally, children should be screened at 4 months of age if premature, of low birth weight, or drinking low-iron formula or cow's milk. What flight planning information can a pilot derive from Constant Pressure Analysis Charts? METAR KBNA 211250Z 33018KT 290V260 1/2SM R31/2700FT +SN BLSNFG VV008 00/M03 A2991 RMK RAE42SNB42 Study Unit 9: Aviation Weather Services Flashcards | Quizlet (A)Two hours What is the meaning of the terms PROB40 2102 +TSRA as used in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)? Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic (Forecast) The Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart forecasts conditions up to 24,000 ft. MSL. B- mixed precipitation Which correctly describes the purpose of convective SIGMETs (WST)? It provides 41% of the world's electricity and is an essential raw material in the production of 70% of the world's steel and 90% of the world's cement.2 Fossil fuels today provide over 80% of the world's primary energy, a percentage not forecast to change significantly for decades to come.3 With the use of coal projected to continue to . (C)actual frontal positions, pressure patterns, temperature, dew point, wind, weather, and obstructions to vision at the valid time of the chart. UA/OV OKC 063064/TM 1522/FL080/TP C172/TA -04 /WV245040/TB LGT/RM IN CLR. \text{3} & \text{20.1} & \text{10} & \text{11.9}\\\text{4} & \text{28.3} & \text{11} & \text{10.3}\\\text{5} & \text{28.4} & \text{12} & \text{10.0}\\\text{6} & \text{25.8} & \text{13} & \text{10.0}\\\end{matrix} TAF What is a low level significant weather prognostic chart? what is the thickness of the cloud layer? UA/OV 15NW MOB 1340Z/SK OVC 025/045 OVC 090. (Top of overcast reported at 7,500 feet MSL.) Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered. A- SIGMENTs, CONVECTIVE SEGMENTs, AIRMETs, Severe Weather Forecast Alerts, and Center Weather Advisories 4205 What is meant by the entry in the remarks section of METAR surface report for KBNA? 4180 What is the forecast wind at 1800Z in the following TAF? 4182 What significant sky condition is reported in this METAR observation? Q & Q^{+} & U & V \\ Type of aircraft is a Cessna 172, 4191 Which values are used for winds aloft forecasts? Refer to the excerpt from the following METAR report: What does the contraction VRB in the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) mean? B- reported by a Cessna 172, turbulence and light rime icing in climb to 8,000 ft Wind shear at 1,000 feet, wind from the south at 40kts. High Level FL250-630 (Latest: 12Z updated at 1853Z) . (A)80 B- 3-5 SM ), 4203 The reporting station originating this Aviation Routine Weather Report has a field elevation of 620 ft. Aviation Weather Center Home Page . (a) Give the characteristic (next-state) equation for this flip-flop. that are forecast to exist at a specific time shown on the chart. A- the wind is variable from 290 degrees to 360 degrees B- heavy blowing snow and fog on runway 31 C- rain ended 42 past the hour, snow began 42 past the hour C- rain ended 42 past the hour, snow began 42 past the hour 4182 What significant sky condition is reported in this METAR observation? 70413 lego - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. (A)The station represents and en route conditions within a 50 mile radius. (Refer to Figure 9) the Severe Weather Outlook Chart, which is used primarily for advance planning, provides what information? Air flows steadily through a variable area pipe with a velocity of V=u(x)i^ft/s\mathbf{V}=u(x) \hat{\mathbf{i}} \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}V=u(x)i^ft/s, where the approximate measured values of u(x) are given in the table. (A)north central Florida. (B)General. The U.S. Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart at 06Z indicates that central Colorado and southeastern Wyoming can expect. B- 50 ft AGL from 270 degree at 50 KT C- moderate snow, 4268 (refer to figure 260) The surface visibility over the western part of Washington state (area A) forecast at +3 hours is predominantly UA/OV OKC 063064/TM 1522/FL080/TP C172/TA M04/WV 245040/TB LGT/RM IN CLR Water | Free Full-Text | Effect of Artificial (Pond) Recharge on the (C)A 24 Hour severe weather outlook for possible thunderstorm activity. Smith, Michael Abbott, General Knowledge, Class A and Combination Ve. He and the father, of mass 85.0 kg, climb up and stand on the plank. Still looking for something? High. FM1930 09012KT 1SM -DZ BR VV003 BECMG 2021 5SM HZ= B- partial fog Hatching on a Constant Pressure Analysis Chart indicates, On a Surface Analysis Chart, close spacing of the isobars indicates. METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM OVC005 13/11 A2998. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. 30 kts Discuss in your group and respond to the following. The primary concern of this discussion is the low-level significant weather prognostic chart. When are severe weather watch bulletins (WW) issued? are doolittle trailers any good; turkey trot madison, ct 2021; full swing golf simulator vs foresight B- interpretation of weather conditions for geographical areas between reporting stations (C)central South Dakota. It is a two-panel display representing a 12-hour forecast interval (left) and 24-hour forecast interval (right). What type of front is passing through area 1? C- only when the winds are omitted for that altitude (level), B- for the 3,000 ft altitude (level) or when the level is within 2,500 ft of the station elevation, 4189 When is the wind group at one of the forecast altitudes omitted at a specific location or station in the Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast (FB)? KMOB UA /OV APE230010/TM 1515/FL085/TP BE20/SK BKN065/WX FV03SM HZ FU/TA 20/TB LGT, What is meant by the Special METAR weather observation for KBOI? Cumulonimbus clouds, icing, and moderate or greater turbulence. What type of In-Flight Weather Advisories provides an en route pilot with information regarding the possibility of moderate icing, moderate turbulence, winds of 30 knots or more at the surface and extensive mountain obscurement? 1 & 1 & & The Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Charts (figure 8-10) provide a forecast of aviation weather hazards primarily intended to be used as guidance products for pre-flight briefings. Coal in the 21st century: energy needs, chemicals and environmental B- 4 hours KMOB FM070500 17008KT 4SM BR SCT008 OVC012 For determining areas to avoid (freezing levels and turbulence). A forecast for the next day is Day 2, and so forth. B- sky is obscured with vertical visibility of 800 ft, 4170 The body of a terminal aerodrome forecast TAF covers a geographical proximity within a, B- 5 statue mile radius from the center of an airport runway complex. (A)Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart, and the Area Forecast (B)The Area Forecast, and the Freezing Level Chart (C)Pilot weather reports (PIREPs), AIRMETs, and SIGMETs. If the sky cover is one continuous layer, in areas of temperature inversion and near thunderstorms. (B)know the cart displays precipitation only; it does not display clouds, fog, fronts, or other boundaries. (B)FL300 sloping to FL 400 feet MSL What significant cloud coverage is reported by this pilot report? (C)The height of the tropopause in hundreds of feet above MSL. B- freezing drizzle From the bottom of the overcast cloud layer, what is thickness? B- the Area Forecast, and the Freezing Level Chart CD4+ T-cell responses play an important role in the immune control of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and as such should be efficiently induced by vaccination. B- 140 knots (B)It provides prospects of both general and severe thunderstorm activity during the following 24 hours. TExES Social Studies 7-12 232 Exam Edge Qu, TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) Geography Rev, TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) Government &, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. What significant sky condition is reported in this METAR observation? What flight planning information can a pilot derive from Constant Pressure Analysis Charts? In flight aviation weather advisories include what type of formation, Forecasts for potentially hazardous flying conditions for en route aircraft, What single reference contains information regarding a volcanic eriuption, that is occurring or expected to occur, Terminal aerofome forecasts (TAF) are issued how many times a day and cover what period of time, Four times daily and are usually valid for a 24-hour period, In the following METAR/TAF for HOU, what is the ceiling and visibility forecast on the 7th day of the month at 0600Z? (Refer to Figure 4) What is the meaning of a bracket (]) plotted to the right of the station circle on a weather depiction chart? B- as they existed at the time the chart was prepared The body of a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) covers a geographical proximity within a. But the use of the massive plank in part (b) has damaged one of the sawhorses so that it can only support a force of 1.75103N1.75 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{N}1.75103N. C- 1-3 SM, 4271 (refer to figure 262) The weather conditions causing limited visibility along the coastal waters of Southern California (area B) are forecast to be C- if the altitude is within 1,500 feet of station elevation, C- if the altitude is within 1500 feet of station elevation, 4190 Decode the excerpt from the Winds and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB) for OKC at 39000 feet. Surface winds Forecasts are made from a comprehensive set of observed weather conditions. KHOU 061734Z 0618/0718 16014G22KT P6SM VCSH BKN018 BKN035 Area forecasts generally include a forecast period of 18 hours and cover a geographical A- light, moderate, severe, extreme KMEM 091135Z 0915 15005KT 5SM HZ BKN060 FM1600 VRB04KT P6SM SKC. Brick is a common building material that is used in society for constructing buildings. (Refer to Figure 8) What weather conditions are depicted in the area indicated by arrow D on the Radar Summary Chart? Low Level SFC-240 (Updated 12Z at 1617Z) B&W Click on the image for a larger view Surface Plot . A- areas of slight, moderate, or high risk of severe thunderstorms The Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart depicts weather conditions A) as they existed at the time the chart was prepared. What determines how icing is reported on a PIREP? (A)Every 12 hours as required (B)Every 24 hours as required Screening frequently in the preschool age (at 18 months and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of age) is recommended for children living in poverty or having limited access to iron-containing food, and for children . In-Flight Aviation Weather Advisories include what type of information? )u(ft/s)x(in. The forecast domain covers the 48 contiguous states, southern Canada and the coastal waters for altitudes below 24,000 ft. Low altitude Significant Weather charts are issued four times daily and are valid at fixed times: 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC. The presentation of significant weather on the mid level significant weather chart is similar in many respects to . C- when forecast conditions are expected to continue beyond the valid period, A- areas of slight, moderate, or high risk of severe thunderstorms, 4209 The Surface Analysis Chart depicts (C)Pilot weather reports (PIREPs), AIRMETs, and SIGMETs. (B)The station is an automated observation location. A- fog and visibility 0-1 SM B- forecast isolated cumulonimbus clouds, tops 33,000 ft MSL, with less than 1/8 t coverage (Top of overcast reported at 8,000 feet MSL.) (B)clear sky and visibility greater than 6 miles. A pilot is planning to depart at 1100Z on an IFR flight is particularly concerned about the hazard of icing. C- winds and temperature aloft, 4173 What conclusion(s) can be drawn from a 500-millibar Constant Pressure Chart for a planned flight at FL 180? A prognostic chart depicts the conditions: Definition. C- unscheduled and issued as required, Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships. (B)showery precipitation, thunderstorms/rain showers covering half or more of the area. B- which presently exist from the 1,000-millibar through the 700-millibar level The Low-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart depicts weather conditions A) as they existed at the time the chart was prepared. Refer to Figure 69.) OKC 830558 (A)intermittent rain or rain showers, moderate turbulence, and freezing temperatures above 8,000 feet. What will the predominant weather be at 1600Z in area A? (B)Every 24 hours as required On a Surface Analysis Chart, the solid lines that depict sea level pressure patterns are called, On a Surface Analysis Chart, close spacing of the isobars indicates. B- Surface Analysis Charts AWC - Prog Charts - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration A- wind 130 at 50 knots temperature -58C degrees A- 300054 (B)area less than 3000 square miles. C- 260 degrees C; 100 knots ISA -5 degrees C, A- 265 degrees true; 110 knots; ISA +3 degrees C, 4199 A station is forecasting wind and temperature aloft at FL 390 to be 300 degrees at 200 knots; temperature -54 degrees C. How would this data be encoded in the FB? C- forecast to exist at a specific time in the future, C- forecast to exist at a specific time in the future, 4212 Which meteorological conditions are depicted by a prognostic chart? What must the mass of the plank be so that both father and son are free to move anywhere on the plank that they wish? The chart symbols shown in the Gulf of Mexico at 12Z and extending to AL, GA, SC and northern FL indicate a \hline 0 & 0 & & \\ What conclusion(s) can be drawn from a 500-millibar Constant Pressure Chart for a planned flight at FL 180? C- 63 nautical miles on the 64 degree radial from Oklahoma City, thunderstorm and light rain at 1522 UTC, A- 64 nautical miles on the 64 degree radial from Oklahoma City VOR AT 1522 UTC, flight level 8,000 ft. Type of aircraft is a Cessna 172. QQ+UV00011011\begin{array}{ll|ll} When the father and son get back on the 20.0-kg plank and move around, will the damaged sawhorse collapse? What is the sequence of the oligonucleotide that should be made? Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future? The rate of heat loss from the air in the duct is estimated to be 250 W. Determine the power rating of the electric resistance heating element. Fruit constitutes a commercially important and nutritionally indispensable food commodity. B- it provides prospects of both general and severe thunderstorm activity during the following 24 hours (B)SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs, AIRMETs, Wind Shear Advisories, and Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW). (A)Showery precipitation (E.G. (B)330*/50 knots | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aviation Weather Services: FAA Advisory Circular 00-45H, Change 1&2 (FAA Handbooks series) [Amazon], Advisory Circular (00-45), Aviation Weather Services, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, Advisory Circular (00-45) Aviation Weather Services (8.1) Short-Range Surface Prognostic (PROG) Charts, Portray forecasts of selected weather conditions at specific times, The chart is an extension of the day 1 U.S. LLSWPC issued from the same observed data base time, Displays forecast positions and characteristics of pressure patterns, fronts, and precipitation, The 36 and 48-Hour Prognostic Chart is a day 2 forecast of general weather for the conterminous United States, Aviation Weather Prognostic Charts provide relatively long-term weather forecasts on a large scale to enable future flight planning, Issued four times daily (00Z, 06Z, 12Z, 18Z), Valid for the time specified (12, 24, 36, 48 hrs), Information is insufficient for flight planning, An effective overview of observed and prognostic charts allow the many essential details to fit into place and have continuity, LLSWPC in a day 1 forecast of significant weather in the conterminous United States, Provides information from the surface to FL240 (400 mbs), Altitudes from the surface to 17,999 are referenced using MSL altitudes, Altitudes from 18,000' to FL240 are referenced using pressure altitude, Provided in two forecasts, 12 and 24 hours in 4 panels, Two top panels depict the 12 and 24 hour produced at the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) in Kansas City, Missouri, Two lower panels depict the 12 and 24 hour produced at the Hydro meteorological Prediction Center (HPC) in Camp Springs, Maryland, HLSWPC is a day 1 forecast of significant weather in the conterminous United States, Provides information from 24,000' to 60,000', Covers much of the Northern Hemisphere and a limited portion of the Southern Hemisphere, Each section covers a specific area and areas sometimes overlap, Conditions routinely appearing on the chart are jet streams, cumulonimbus clouds, turbulence, and Tropopause heights, Surface fronts are included to add perspective, Sometimes tropical cyclones, squall lines, volcanic eruption sites, sandstorms, and dust storms will appear, Depict pressure centers, troughs and on selected panels, isobars, High and Lows identified by "Hs" and "Ls" respectively, Pressure troughs are identified by long dashed lines labeled "TROF", Isobars are drawn as solid lines to portray pressure patterns, Isobars are drawn in 8 millibar (mb) intervals instead of 4 mb to provide a less sensitive analysis, Occasionally, nonstandard isobars will be drawn using 4 mb intervals to highlight patterns with weak pressure gradients, Nonstandard isobars are drawn as dashed lines, Surface fronts are depicted on each panel, Formats used are the standard symbols and three-digit characterization code used on the surface chart, Symbols specify the forums and types of precipitation, A mix is indicated by the use of two pertinent symbols separated by a slash, Areas of continuous precipitation is shaded as well as precipitation covering more than half of the area, A bold dashed line is used to separate precipitation with contrasting characteristics, A dashed line would be used to separate an area of similar characteristics (snow and rain), Jet streams with a maximum speed of more than 80 knots are identified by bold lines, Arrowheads indicate the orientation of each jet stream, Double hatched lines identified changes in wind speed, Speed indicators are drawn at 20-knot intervals and begin with 100 knots, Standard wind symbol (shaft, pennants, and barbs) is placed at each pertinent position to identify velocity, The altitude in hundreds of feet prefaced with "FL" is placed adjacent to each wind symbol, Cumulonimbus clouds (CBs) are thunderstorm clouds, Isolated or scattered CBs (one-half or less coverage) which are not embedded are not depicted, Bases that extended below 24,000 are encoded "XXX" (High-Level), Thunderstorms imply hazards including turbulence and hail, Centers of high and low heights are identified with "H" and "L" respectively with their heights and enclosed by polygons, Ceiling and visibility determine the category, MVFR areas are enclosed by scalloped lines, Depicted by a zigzag line labeled as "SFC" for surface, Freezing levels aloft are depicted by thin, short dashed lines, Lines are drawn at 4,000' intervals (80 = 8,000'), Lines are discontinued where they intersect corresponding altitudes of the Rocky Mountains, Areas with multiple freezing levels have lines drawn to the highest freezing level, Areas of moderate or greater turbulence are enclosed by bold, long dashed lines, Turbulence intensities are identified by symbols, The vertical extent of turbulence layers are specified by top and base heights, Areas of thunderstorms do not include indications of turbulence because it is implied, Added emphasis is included if the turbulence is from the surface to 24,000' or above, having thunderstorms covering more than half of the area, Intensity symbols and layer altitudes appear within or adjacent to the forecast area, Positions of hurricanes, typhoons and tropical storms are depicted, Hurricanes use standard symbol while typhoons are shaded, When pertinent the name of each storm is positioned adjacent to the symbol, Severe squall lines are lines of CBs with 5/8 coverage or greater, Identified by long dashed lines separated by a V, Dot at the base indicates latitude and longitude of volcano, Name, latitude, and longitude are noted adjacent, Areas of widespread sandstorms and dust storms are labeled by an S, The S with an arrow depicts areas of widespread sandstorms or dust storms, The S without an arrow depicts severe sandstorm or dust haze.

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